\"\"

\

Original function is \"\".

\

Replace x = 3 in original function.

\

\"\"

\

Evaluate powers: \"\".

\

\"\"

\

\"\"               (Add: \"\")

\

\"\"                     (Subtract: \"\")                                    \"\"

\

Replace x = – 1 in original function.

\

\"\"

\

Evaluate powers:\"\".

\

\"\"

\

\"\"              (Product of two same signs is positive)

\

\"\"                          (Add: \"\")\"\"

\

\"\" and \"\".