The functions are
.
a) (f + g)(x)
\
(Substitute
)

.
b) (f
g)(x)

(Substitute
)

Product of same sings is positive.
\
.
c)

(Substitute
)
(Using FOIL method)
Product of difference sings is negative.
\
Product of same sings is positive.
\
.
d)

(Substitute
)
Take out common factor.
\
.
The functions are
,
,
and
.