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Step 1 : \ \

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(a)

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The expression is $\"\"$ . \ \

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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Step 2 : \ \

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(b)

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The expression is $\"\"$ . \ \

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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Step 3 : \ \

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(c)

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The expression is $\"\"$ . \ \

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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Step 4 : \ \

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(d)

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The expression is $\"\"$ . \ \

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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Solution : \ \

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(a) $\"\"$

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(b) $\"\"$

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(c) $\"\"$

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(d) $\"\"$

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