Definition of orthogonal vectors :  

The vectors u and v are orthogonal if

Definition of vector components :

Let u and v be a nonzero vectors such that

, where and are orthogonal vectors.

The vector is the projection of u onto v and it is denoted by

and

Projection of u onto v:

Let u and v be non zero vectors, then the projection of u onto v is

The vectors are and

The projection u onto v:

Evaluation of :

The value of other orthogonal vector

The projection u onto v is

The value of other orthogonal vector is