$\"\"$

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The matrices are $\"\"$ .

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(a) A + B

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A + B = $\"\"$

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= $\"\"$ (Add corresponding elements)

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= $\"\"$ $\"\"$

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(b) $\"\"$

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$\"\"$ = $\"\"$

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= $\"\"$ (Subtract corresponding elements)

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= $\"\"$ $\"\"$

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(c) 3A

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$\"\"$ (Apply scalar multiplication)

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$\"\"$ (Multiply each entry by 3)

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$\"\"$ (Simplify) $\"\"$

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(d) $\"\"$

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$\"\"$ (Apply scalar multiplication)

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$\"\"$ (Multiply each entry by 2)

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$\"\"$ (Simplify)

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$\"\"$ (Subtract corresponding entries)

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$\"\"$ $\"\"$

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The solutions are A + B = $\"\"$ , $\"\"$ = $\"\"$ , 3A $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ $\"\"$ .