a)

The vectors are , .

Dot product definition:

(b)

Find the angle between and .

Cosine of the angle between two vectors: .

Find magnitude of vector : .

.

Find magnitude of vector : .

.

Apply formula: .

c)

Dot product of the vectors , so the vectors are orthogonal.

The vectors are orthogonal.

a) .

b) The angle .

c) The vectors are orthogonal.