$\"\"$

(a)

A line through the origin that makes an angle of $\"\"$ with the positive $\"\"$ -axis.

The polar equation for the curve is $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

(b)

A vertical line through the point $\"\"$ .

The general equation for the vertical line is $\"\"$ .

The cartesian equation for the curve is $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

(a) The polar equation for the curve is $\"\"$ .

(b) The cartesian equation for the curve is $\"\"$ .