$\"\"$

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The polar equation is $\"\"$ .

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If the point $\"\"$ has Cartesian coordinates $\"\"$ and polar coordinates $\"\"$ , then $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ .

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Convert the polar equation into rectangular form.

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Substitute $\"\"$ and $\"\"$ in $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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Substitute $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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To change the expression into a perfect square trinomial add (half the $\"\"$ coefficient)² to each side of the expression.

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$\"\"$

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$\"\"$

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The equation is in the form of standard form of circle equation $\"\"$ , where $\"\"$ is the center of the circle and $\"\"$ is the radius of the circle.

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The circle equation is $\"\"$ .

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The center of the circle is $\"\"$ and radius is $\"\"$ .

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$\"\"$

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The circle equation is $\"\"$ .

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The center of the circle is $\"\"$ and radius is $\"\"$ .