(a).
\
is equivalent to
.
Consider
.
Property of exponential :
.

Let
.
which we considered as
.
Therefore
is equivalent to
.
(b).
\
is equivalent to
.
Consider
.
Trigonmetric identiy :
.

Let
.

is equivalent to
.
(a).
is equivalent to
.
(b).
is equivalent to
.