$\"\"$

The function is $\"\"$

The factor is $\"\"$ .

If $\"\"$ is an upper bound for the zeros of $\"\"$ ,then every value in the last line of the synthetic division is non negative.

$\"\"$

Synthetic Division :

$\"\"$

Thus $\"\"$ .

Find the value of $\"\"$ .

$\"\"$

Therefor the value of $\"\"$ must be greater than or equal to $\"\"$ .

If $\"\"$ ,then the second term of the depressed polynomial will be negative and the upper bound test will fail.

$\"\"$

$\"\"$ must be greater than or equal to $\"\"$ .