The function is $\"\"$ .

The parent function is $\"\"$ .

The translation is vertical translation.

The graph of $\"\"$ is the graph of $\"\"$ translated.

$\"\"$ units up when $\"\"$ , and $\"\"$ units down when $\"\"$ .

Here $\"\"$ .

To obtain the graph of $\"\"$ from the function $\"\"$ , translate the graph $\"\"$ $\"\"$ units to the up.

Graph:

$\"\"$

Graph:

$\"\"$ .