$\"\"$

\

(a)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Vertical shift : $\"\"$ , shift the graph of $\"\"$ a distance $\"\"$ units upward.

\

Here $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$ is the graph of $\"\"$ shift to a distance of $\"\"$ units upward.

\

$\"\"$

\

(b)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Horizontal shift : $\"\"$ , shift the graph of $\"\"$ a distance $\"\"$ units to the left.

\

Here $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$ is the graph of $\"\"$ shift to a distance of $\"\"$ units to the left.

\

$\"\"$

\

(c)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Vertical stretch : $\"\"$ , stretch the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

Here $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$ is the graph of $\"\"$ vertically stretched by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$

\

(d)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Horizontal shrink: $\"\"$ , shrink the graph of $\"\"$ horizontally by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

Here $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$ is the graph of $\"\"$ horizontally shrink by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$

\

(e)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Vertical shift : $\"\"$ , shift the graph of $\"\"$ a distance $\"\"$ units downward.

\

Reflection : $\"\"$ , reflect the graph of $\"\"$ about the $\"\"$ axis.

\

$\"\"$ is shifted $\"\"$ unit down and reflect about the $\"\"$ axis.

\

$\"\"$

\

(f)

\

The function is $\"\"$ .

\

Vertical stretch: $\"\"$ , stretch the graph of $\"\"$ vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

Horizontal stretch: $\"\"$ , stretch the graph of $\"\"$ horizontally by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$ is stretched vertically and horizontally by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

$\"\"$

\

(a) The graph of $\"\"$ shifted to a distance $\"\"$ units upward.

\

(b) The graph of $\"\"$ shifted to a distance $\"\"$ units to the left.

\

(c) The graph of $\"\"$ stretched vertically by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

(d) The graph of $\"\"$ shrinks horizontally by a factor of $\"\"$ .

\

(e) The graph of $\"\"$ shifted $\"\"$ unit down and reflect about the $\"\"$ axis.

\

(f) The graph of $\"\"$ is stretched vertically and horizontally by a factor of $\"\"$ .